[157] It was around this time that Sunday World journalists Martin O'Hagan and Jim Campbell coined the term "rat pack" for the UVF's murderous mid-Ulster unit and, unable to identify Wright by name for legal reasons, they christened him "King Rat." Slowly. VideoAt the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Why Covid lab-leak theory is now being taken seriously, Blackpink lead top stars back on the road in Asia, Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's elections, 'Wales is in England' gaffe sparks TikToker's trip, Ukraine war casts shadow over India's G20 ambitions, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. In keeping with his wishes,. The vast majority (more than two-thirds)[9][10] of its victims were Irish Catholic civilians, who were often killed at random. Read about our approach to external linking. His conviction, which he always denied, has been referred to the Criminal Cases Review Commission by his family in light of new evidence being brought forward. [84] The Progressive Unionist Party's condemnation, and Dawn Purvis and other leaders' resignations as a response to the Moffett shooting, were also noted. Leader of the, 414 (~85%) were civilians, 11 of whom were civilian political activists, 21 (~4%) were members or former members of republican paramilitary groups, 44 (~9%) were members or former members of loyalist paramilitary groups, 6 (~1%) were members of the British security forces. [2] He initially worked solely for the PUP but after a spell also set up the Shankill Activity Centre, a government-supported scheme to provide training and leisure opportunities for unemployed youths. In the 1960s, he founded the Ulster Volunteer Force, which was responsible for hundreds of murders during the Troubles. Drong de dhnmharfir srathacha ab ea Bistir na Seanchille a bh gnomhach i m Bal Feirste sna 1970id. He added: "He formed a relationship with Cardinal O'Fiach and that was in some of our ways of thinking in those days a big step because the Catholic church in particular were the enemy. The UVF's declared goals were to combat Irish republicanism particularly the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and to maintain Northern Ireland's status as part of the United Kingdom. Entdecke Gareth Mulvenna - Mein Leben in Loyalitt - Neues Taschenbuch - C245A in groer Auswahl Vergleichen Angebote und Preise Online kaufen bei eBay Kostenlose Lieferung fr viele Artikel! Wright is believed to have dealt mainly in Ecstasy tablets in the early 90s. Eight people were shot dead and hundreds were injured. [45], In 1974, hardliners staged a coup and took over the Brigade Staff. [36] It also continued its attacks in the Republic of Ireland, bombing the Dublin-Belfast railway line, an electricity substation, a radio mast, and Irish nationalist monuments. He later became involved in politics and announced the landmark loyalist paramilitary ceasefires in 1994. In 1984, Gusty was released from prison, and became a leading figure in the Progressive Unionist Party and . [129] Another estimates that over a 30-year period women accounted for, at most, just 2% of UVF membership. Instead his coffin was adorned with the beret and regimental flag of the Royal Ulster Rifles, his former regiment. [89][90] A dissident Republican was arrested for "the attempted murder of police officers in east Belfast" after shots were fired upon the police. [41] Furthermore, the VPP suffered a heavy defeat in West Belfast in the October 1974 general election, when the DUP candidate John McQuade captured six times as many votes as the VPP's Ken Gibson. ", "UVF orders removal of Catholic families from Carrickfergus housing estate in '21st century form of ethnic cleansing'. Ever Loved makes it easy to compare funeral homes, funeral parlors and mortuaries, so you can find the best fit. In her address to the church congregation, Ms Purvis recalled how Mr Spence had been frank about his UVF role, but that he had often shocked loyalist contemporaries by his willingness to bring an end to conflict and build bridges between working class Protestants and Catholics. Formed in 1965, it first emerged in 1966. These included the Miami Showband killings of 31 July 1975 when three members of the popular showband were killed, having been stopped at a fake British Army checkpoint outside Newry in County Down. [25], Spence appealed against his conviction and was the subject of a release petition organised by the Ulster Constitution Defence Committee, although nothing came of either initiative. [21] Spence later wrote "At the time, the attitude was that if you couldn't get an IRA man you should shoot a Taig, he's your last resort". This was a general strike in protest against the Sunningdale Agreement, which meant sharing political power with Irish nationalists and the Republic having more involvement in Northern Ireland. [58][59][105] Graham has held the position since he assumed office in 1976. Correspondence includes Spence's correspondence with leaders and imprisoned members of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and letters concerning his imprisonment originally . The statement also included a warning that activities could "provoke another generation of loyalists toward armed resistance". Gusty Spence is regarded as one of the founders of loyalist paramilitarism, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. [71], On 14 September 2005, following serious loyalist rioting during which dozens of shots were fired at riot police and the British Army the Northern Ireland Secretary Peter Hain announced that the British government no longer recognised the UVF ceasefire. The UVF very clearly have involvement in drug dealing, all forms of gangsterism, serious assaults, intimidation of the community. [104] The Brigade Staff's former headquarters were situated in rooms above "The Eagle" chip shop located on the Shankill Road at its junction with Spier's Place. The biggest of these was the 1974 Dublin and Monaghan bombings, which killed 34 civilians, making it the deadliest terrorist attack of the conflict. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. He would go on to hold private talks with the then Taoiseach Albert Reynolds. Mr Spence argued for a ceasefire with republicans from as early as the mid-1970s and played a key role in encouraging young loyalists he met in prison to think of the reasons for their involvement in violence. What's he waiting for? Read about our approach to external linking. [82] The IICD confirmed that "substantial quantities of firearms, ammunition, explosives and explosive devices" had been decommissioned and that for the UVF and RHC, decommissioning had been completed. Spence is regarded as the first terrorist godfather in Northern Ireland but also the man who took the first steps towards ending UVF violence. [164], For the original Ulster Volunteer Force, see, Aaron Edwards - UVF: Behind the Mask pp. The group also carried out attacks in the Republic of Ireland from 1969 onward. However, the UVF spurned the government efforts and continued killing. Spence now argued that UVF members were soldiers and soldiers should not kill civilians, as had been the case at McGurk's Bar. It began carrying out gun attacks to kill random Catholic civilians and using car bombs to attack Catholic-owned pubs. But he was also credited with being a driving force in delivering the loyalist ceasefires of the mid-1990s that helped bring an end to the decades of conflict. [131][132] This activity has been described as its preferred source of funds in the early 1970s,[133] and it continued into the 2000s, with the UVF in County Londonderry being active. In keeping with his wishes, there will be no UVF trappings and his coffin will be draped in the regimental flag of the Royal Ulster Rifles in which he served. Augustus Andrew "Gusty" Spence (28 June 1933 [2] - 25 September 2011) was a leader of the paramilitary Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and a leading loyalist politician in Northern Ireland. [17], On 7 May 1966, a group of UVF men led by Spence petrol bombed a Catholic-owned pub on the Shankill Road. Leading public figures were among the mourners, including former senior civil servant Maurice Hayes, former head of the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission Monica McWilliams, and trade unionist Peter Bunting. ", This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 06:47. Tributes were paid to former leading loyalist paramilitary turned peacemaker Gusty Spence at his funeral in Belfast today. Adair's men forced their way into Spence's Shankill home but found it empty, as Spence tended to spend much of the summer at a caravan he owned in Groomsport. It was the UVF's deadliest attack in Northern Ireland, and the deadliest attack in Belfast during the Troubles. "[154], According to Alan McQuillan, the assistant director of the Assets Recovery Agency in 2005, "In the loyalist community, drug dealing is run by the paramilitaries and it is generally run for personal gain by a large number of people." [18][19] Some members have also been found responsible for orchestrating a series of racist attacks. Although Mr Lynch was from a different tradition, he had "welcomed his friendship," and he recalled the conversations they had about peace in Ireland. Eleven years ago he was forced out of his home on the Shankill Road by Johnny Adair's gang during one of the many loyalist paramilitary feuds. After several years away from the spotlight, Spence was again asked to read the statement, a role which senior loyalists said was indicative of his significance within Northern Ireland loyalism. One of the first UVF members to be convicted of murder, Spence was a senior figure in the organisation for over a decade. The new Brigade Staff's aim was to carry out attacks against known republicans rather than Catholic civilians. The UVF stated that the attempted attack was a protest against the Irish Army units "still massed on the border in County Donegal". Read about our approach to external linking. Traduzioni in contesto per "divenuto cuore pulsante" in italiano-inglese da Reverso Context: Labirinto di mais: In via Amerigo Vespucci, a pochi passi da piazza Nember, sorge un terreno di ben 5 ettari divenuto cuore pulsante del divertimento tra mistero, intelligenza e creativit. [123][124], The strength of the UVF is uncertain. It comprises high-ranking officers under a Chief of Staff or Brigadier-General. [58], The UVF's nickname is "Blacknecks", derived from their uniform of black polo neck jumper, black trousers, black leather jacket, black forage cap, along with the UVF badge and belt. Its name was taken from . [37] As the loyalist Maze commander, Spence initially also had jurisdiction over the imprisoned members of the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), although this came to an end in 1973 when, following a deterioration in relations between the two groups outside the prison walls, James Craig became the UDA's Maze commander. "Shortly after he was jailed, Gusty, after a period of reflection on his own life, quickly started to challenge other loyalists coming into prison to reflect on their own lives.". [75] This was to take effect from midnight. Video, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. While republicans were the expressed target, the attacks that followed were explicitly sectarian. Brian Ervine said: "His contribution to the peace is incalculable and without him, probably the paramilitaries would still be at war. A controlled explosion was carried out and the bomb was later declared a hoax. [1] Spence, along with other Shankill Road loyalists, broke from Paisley in 1965 when they sided with Jim Kilfedder in a row that followed the latter's campaigns in Belfast West. Wednesday, 15 February 2023 | 10.2 . There are various credible[citation needed] allegations that elements of the British security forces colluded with the UVF in the bombings. Get in touch with us now to get the service you need. [35], Spence's time on the outside came to an end on 4 November when he was captured by Colonel Derek Wilford of the Parachute Regiment, who identified Spence by tattoos on his hands. After his release December 1984, Spence was a key figure in developing UVF thinking and indirectly its political wing, the Progressive Unionist Party. His conviction, which he always denied, has been referred to the Criminal Cases Review Commission by his family in light of new evidence being brought forward. The charges were dropped but later in 1966 he was given life for the murder of Peter Ward, who had called in to a Shankill Road bar with Catholic workmates and was shot dead as he left. Spence said loyalists offered "abject and true remorse" to the loved ones of all the innocent victims of the Troubles. This was in retaliation for attacks on Loyalist homes the previous weekend and after a young girl was hit in the face with a brick by Republicans. Sinn Fein MLA Gerry Kelly said many nationalists would remember Spence as someone "who was central to the sectarianism that gave birth to the modern loyalist paramilitary". Spence was initially held over the murder of the first victim of the Troubles, John Scullion, who was shot by the UVF in the Falls Road area of Belfast. [76][77][78], In January 2008, the UVF was accused of involvement in vigilante action against alleged criminals in Belfast. The family of the former UVF leader Gusty Spence is planning a funeral with the emphasis on his British army past rather than his time in the paramilitary group. "We have to get in there, and stay in there," he continued, remembering that "it took several hundred years to bring about this situation, so we must have a little bit of patience. [54] The number of killings in Northern Ireland had decreased from around 300 per year between 1973 and 1976 to just under 100 in the years 19771981. Sinn Fein MLA Gerry Kelly said many nationalists would remember Spence as someone "who was central to the sectarianism that gave birth to the modern loyalist paramilitary". An article published by the newspaper fingered Wright as a drug lord and sectarian murderer. The UVF's last major attack was the 1994 Loughinisland massacre, in which its members shot dead six Catholic civilians in a rural pub. [47] Spence went on to become a leading advocate for the Good Friday Agreement. "However he did dedicate himself to peace and reconciliation for much of his later life so he will also be remembered as a major influence in drawing loyalism away from sectarian strife," he added. [39], The following year, 1972, was the most violent of the Troubles. [20], Since 1964 and the formation of the Campaign for Social Justice, there had been a growing civil rights campaign in Northern Ireland, seeking to highlight discrimination against Catholics by the unionist government of Northern Ireland. [2] His brother Bobby, also a UVF member, died in October 1980 inside the Maze, a few months after the death of their brother Billy. Its first leader was Gusty Spence, a former British Army soldier from Northern Ireland.The group undertook an armed campaign of almost thirty years during The Troubles.It declared a ceasefire in 1994 and officially ended its campaign in 2007, although some of its members have . Fire engulfed the house next door, badly burning the elderly Protestant widow who lived there. [4] He married Isabella "Bella" Hayes, Gusty Spence's mother, in 1919. VideoRecord numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. At his funeral yesterday, Mr Spence said he was not there to deify Mr Lynch, whom he described as "a simple man but a wealthy one in terms of his friends and his love for his country". The British Army were deployed on the streets of Northern Ireland. A man committed to social and economic justice and equality and a man absolutely devoted and committed to his wife and family.. Of course, the UVF had a big role to play, with a masked Geordie Orr (another pivotal UVF figure notable by his absence from the book) and others . In October, UVF and UPV member Thomas McDowell was killed by the bomb he was planting at Ballyshannon power station. It claimed the pubs were used for republican fundraising. Hundreds of mourners have attended the funeral of the former loyalist leader Gusty Spence. [24] On 21 May, the group issued a statement: From this day, we declare war against the Irish Republican Army and its splinter groups. [9] According to the book Lost Lives (2006 edition), it was responsible for 569 killings. In October 1994, he was chosen to read a statement from the Combined Loyalist Military Command declaring a cessation of violence and expressing abject and true remorse for the deaths caused. [11] He was also a member of the Royal Black Institution and the Apprentice Boys of Derry. They also stated that they would retain their weaponry but put them beyond reach of normal volunteers. Paisley had intimated that Kilfedder, a rival for the leadership of dissident unionism, was close to Fine Gael after learning that he had attended party meetings while a student at Trinity College Dublin. "He was an Irishman and looked upon himself as an Ulster Irishman as well as being British. . [60], In the 1980s, the UVF was greatly reduced by a series of police informers. Read about our approach to external linking. [31], The UVF had launched its first attack in the Republic of Ireland on 5 August 1969, when it bombed the RT Television Centre in Dublin. [151][152] These shipments were considered enough for the UVF/UDA to wage its campaign, most of which were used to kill its victims. [57] In 1976, Tommy West was replaced with "Mr. F" who is alleged to be John "Bunter" Graham, who remains the incumbent Chief of Staff to date. Video, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story, Harry and Meghan told to 'vacate' Frogmore Cottage, Rare Jurassic-era bug found at Arkansas Walmart, Dozens of girls treated after new Iran poisonings, Prince Andrew offered Frogmore Cottage - reports, China and Belarus call for peace in Ukraine, Beer and wine sales in Canada fall to all-time low, Man survives 31 days in jungle by eating worms, Havana Syndrome unlikely to have hostile cause - US. Ontario is to Ulster Protestants what Boston is to Irish Catholics." [46] Some of the new Brigade Staff members bore nicknames such as "Big Dog" and "Smudger". [5] The family home was 66 Joseph Street in an area of the lower Shankill known colloquially as "the Hammer". Gusty Spence Funeral RIP 21,778 views Nov 15, 2013 95 Dislike Share Save Elmwoodgrove 14 subscribers The Funeral at Craven Street Gusty said Some day The PUP will grow a set of Jaws And BITE. Birgen, Julia. After several years away from the spotlight, Spence was again asked to read the statement, a role which senior loyalists said was indicative of his significance within Northern Ireland loyalism. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. [79], In 2008, a loyalist splinter group calling itself the "Real UVF" emerged briefly to make threats against Sinn Fin in County Fermanagh. [38] This came to a climax on 4 December, when the UVF bombed McGurk's Bar, a Catholic-owned pub in Belfast. Officers from the PSNI's Paramilitary Crime Task Force also seized drugs, cash and expensive cars and jewellery in an operation carried out against the criminal activities of the UVF crime gang. Tributes were paid to former leading loyalist paramilitary turned peacemaker Gusty Spence at his funeral in Belfast today. [2] He was sent to Crumlin Road Prison. Six of the victims were abducted at random, then beaten and tortured before having their throats slashed. . They have been engaged in orchestrating violence on our streets, and it's very clear to me that they are engaged in an array of mafia-style activities. [26], On 26 June, the group shot dead a Catholic civilian and wounded two others as they left a pub on Malvern Street, Belfast. What's he waiting for? [28], By 1969, the Catholic civil rights movement had escalated its protest campaign, and O'Neill had promised them some concessions. Thirty-three people were killed and almost 300 injured. Gusty Spence reading the 2007 UVF 'weapons beyond use' statement in Belfast. This move came as the organisation held high-level discussions about its future. [125] Members were disciplined after they carried out an unsanctioned theft of 8 million of paintings from an estate in Co Wicklow in April 1974. Sociologist Steven Bruce described the support networks in Canada as "the main source of support for loyalism outside the United Kingdom . The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Spence is regarded as the first terrorist godfather in Northern Ireland but also the man who took the first steps towards ending UVF violence. we solemnly warn the authorities to make no more speeches of appeasement. [49], On 3 May 2007, Spence read out the statement by the UVF announcing that it would keep its weapons but put them beyond the reach of ordinary members. Sinn Fin's Gerry Kelly claimed that while Spence had been central to the development of loyalist paramilitarism, "he will also be remembered as a major influence in drawing loyalism away from sectarian strife". Images Courtesy of Getty Images. DeSantis won't say he's running. Openly paraded with the UVF and thanked Gusty Spence repeatedly for his services to Ulster. The unnamed woman stated, "When you go out and throw a petrol bomb through a widow's window, you're no peacemaker. In May 1966, the UVF issued a statement, announcing that it was declaring war on the IRA. Blood and rage: a cultural history of terrorism, "Granddaughter of victim says Gusty Spence was not a peacemaker", "Shankill shuts to pay its respects to UVF chief Gusty Spence", BBC News, Thursday, 3 May 2007, "Loyalist veteran's path to peace", Murders of Andrew Robb and David McIlwaine, Ulster Loyalist Central Co-ordinating Committee, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gusty_Spence&oldid=1136743955, Loyalists imprisoned during the Northern Ireland conflict, People convicted of murder by Northern Ireland, People from Northern Ireland convicted of murder, Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Northern Ireland, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Hiberno-English, Pages using infobox person with multiple parents, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 31 January 2023, at 22:44. [21] The group called itself the "Ulster Volunteer Force" (UVF), after the Ulster Volunteers of the early 20th century, although in the words of a member of the previous organisation "the present para-military organisation has no connection with the U.V.F. [80], In the twentieth IMC report, the group was said to be continuing to put its weapons "beyond reach", (in the group's own words) to downsize, and reduce the criminality of the group. The UVF was also clashing with the UDA in the summer of 2000. [21] Two days later, the Government of Northern Ireland declared the UVF illegal. The incumbent Chief of Staff, is alleged to be John "Bunter" Graham, referred to by Martin Dillon as "Mr. [117] Members were trained in bomb-making, and the organisation developed home-made explosives. [146][147] Former MI5 agent Willie Carlin said: There were safe houses in Glasgow and Stirling. [46] This resulted in a sharp increase in sectarian killings and internecine feuding, both with the UDA and within the UVF itself. '[159], The UVF's satellite organisation, the Red Hand Commando, was described by the IMC in 2004 as "heavily involved" in drug dealing. [118] In the late summer and autumn of 1973, the UVF detonated more bombs than the UDA and IRA combined,[119] and by the time of the group's temporary ceasefire in late November it had been responsible for over 200 explosions that year. [112] The vast majority of its victims were Irish Catholic civilians, who were often killed at random. [21] The shootings led to Spence's being sentenced to life imprisonment with a recommended minimum sentence of twenty years. On 7 May 1966, loyalists petrol bombed a Catholic-owned pub in the loyalist Shankill area of Belfast. Home; About; Testimonials; Contact; Select Page. Bates, employed as a barman at the Long Bar, was recruited into the Shankill Butchers gang in 1975 by its notorious ringleader, Lenny Murphy. We are heavily armed Protestants dedicated to this cause. [52] Louie died in 2003. [30] There were bombings on 30 March, 4 April, 20 April, 24 April and 26 April. The UVF's Mid-Ulster Brigade was founded in 1972 in Lurgan by Billy Hanna, a sergeant in the UDR and a member of the Brigade Staff, who served as the brigade's commander, until he was shot dead in July 1975. [2] In 1978, Spence left the UVF altogether. In keeping with his wishes,. Gusty Spence (1933-2011) was a Loyalist paramilitary volunteer, a founding member and early leader of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF). Unionist Party and the community the newspaper fingered wright as a drug lord and sectarian murderer us to..., hardliners staged a coup and took over the Brigade Staff members bore nicknames such as the. Innocent victims of the victims were Irish Catholic civilians and using car bombs to attack Catholic-owned pubs Staff! Attended the funeral of the community Steven Bruce described the support networks in Canada as `` Big ''... To carry out attacks in the 1960s, he founded the Ulster Volunteer Force, see, Edwards... Prison, and the bomb he was also a member of the victims were Irish Catholic civilians using! Spence at his funeral in Belfast today Staff or Brigadier-General out gun attacks to kill random Catholic civilians, had... Very clearly have involvement in drug dealing, all forms of gangsterism serious! Said: `` his contribution to the peace is incalculable and without him probably! Ireland, and the deadliest attack in Belfast fire engulfed the house next,... Strength of the first terrorist godfather in Northern Ireland declared the UVF very clearly have involvement in dealing! Hundreds of mourners have attended the funeral of the victims were Irish Catholic civilians bombings. Warning that activities could `` provoke Another generation of loyalists toward armed resistance '' UVF a. 11 ] he was sent to Crumlin Road prison 123 ] [ 124 ] the... Man who took the first terrorist godfather in Northern Ireland McGurk 's Bar houses in and... Coup and took over the Brigade uvf gusty spence funeral members bore nicknames such as `` the main source of for... Home was 66 Joseph Street in an area of the community founded the Ulster Volunteer Force,,... 1972, was the UVF was also a member of the Troubles republicans were the expressed target, strength. Statement in Belfast during the Troubles `` abject and true remorse '' to the Loved ones of all the victims! On 30 March, 4 April, 24 April and 26 April them beyond reach of volunteers! There are various credible [ citation needed ] allegations that elements of UVF... Beaten and tortured before having their throats slashed Northern Ireland declared the UVF issued a statement, that! 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