The Fair-Value Accounting and Budget Act from Reps. Ralph Norman (R-SC) and Ed Case (D-HI): This legislation encourages transparency and accuracy in accounting to loan programs administered by the federal government. The following are examples: Proprietary funds are typically financed based on cost or through user charges and resemble private sector business activities. In a nutshell, government accounting is a system for keeping track of money. var divs = document.querySelectorAll(".plc461033:not([id])"); This is the most common form of government accounting in the United States. var abkw = window.abkw || ''; The CPA Journal Increasingly, companies are including additional information about environmental impacts and risks, employees, community involvement, philanthropic activities, and consumer safety. subject to necessary financial controls. This might be quarterly, semi-annually, or annually, depending on the period for which you want to create the financial statements to be presented to investors so that they can track and compare the company's overall performance. Typically, this is in the form of taxes paid by citizens or businesses. It has a structured mechanism where the principal sum is invested to generate income for running the foundation. var pid494109 = window.pid494109 || rnd; All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. var plc459496 = window.plc459496 || 0; In government, or the public sector, revenue streams function a little bit differently. To do this, government agencies must first determine how to record financial transactions. The Government Finance Officers Association (GFOA) is a membership organization of more than 19,000 federal, Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. These reports are usually sent to all investors and others outside the management group. div.id = "placement_461032_"+plc461032; What is Financial Accounting? All rights reserved. var divs = document.querySelectorAll(".plc459496:not([id])"); Responsibility Accounting: Benefits & Limitations. You are free to use this image on your website, templates, etc., Please provide us with an attribution link. WebThe governments documented accounting policies and procedures should (1) identify those items that may need to be estimated and (2) set forth the specific steps (including significant assumptions) to be followed in preparing each different kind of estimate. Importance of National Income Accounting. These employees are responsible for managing government assets. var pid282686 = window.pid282686 || rnd; CPAs must balance keeping up with reporting guidelines with assisting government entities in meeting those requirements and staying or becoming fiscally responsible. WebDefinition Government accounting is far more complex as compared to normal accounting that is carried out by businesses. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Each best practice is housed on its own printer-friendly webpage and includes background information and references. The California State Government passed Proposition 64 to legalize cannabis use in the state. In addition to being relevant and reliable, accounting information should be comparable and consistent. from where they are coming and where they are going. A Beginners Guide to the Cryptocurrency Course, All Rights Reserved copyright | topfinancialsecrets.com, An Accounting Course Can Prepare You For a Range of Careers, Different Types of Loan Facilities For a Small Business. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. As an example, Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Concepts 8,Federal Financial Reporting, issued in September 2017, runs approximately 30 pages and includes a discussion of required supplemental information. var divs = document.querySelectorAll(".plc461032:not([id])"); There are currently around 200 best practice ideas, organized both alphabetically and topically, such as accounting and financial reporting, budgeting and financial planning, and technology. Stockholder Powers, Rights & Activism | What is a Shareholder? Governmental accounting is the managing and budgeting of public revenue. It is to ensure that financial information is represented fairly and accurately. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Zero-Based Budgeting: Definition, Advantages, Disadvantages & Examples, Debt Capital vs. Equity Capital | Overview, Differences & Functions. 13 chapters | Ideally, accounting information provides company shareholders and other stakeholders (e.g., employees, communities, customers, and suppliers) with information Similarly, TIAs State of the Cities Report for 2016 (http://bit.ly/2E3Tfp5) indicated that 30% of the 75 most populated cities examined did not file their financial statements within the 180-day time limit, and 85% did not have enough cash to pay their debts. div.id = "placement_459496_"+plc459496; Its a role that will likely WebThe Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) sets financial accounting and reporting standards, known as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), for state and local government. var plc494109 = window.plc494109 || 0; A business wants money to be left at the end of the accounting periodAccounting PeriodAccounting Period refers to the period in which all financial transactions are recorded and financial statements are prepared. (function(){ GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) is a set of rules and guidelines that tell a company how to prepare financial statements. var plc456219 = window.plc456219 || 0; Government accountants hold a variety of responsibilities across all government sectors and levels. var AdButler = AdButler || {}; AdButler.ads = AdButler.ads || []; As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 Not just because it's good business practice, but as we mentioned before, they're stewards of taxpayer money, and the public wants to know that the money is being spent correctly. Secrets To Be Successful In Financial World. Government Business Enterprises (GBE) Overview & Examples | What are GBE? })(); var rnd = window.rnd || Math.floor(Math.random()*10e6); GFOA was founded over 100 years ago to develop and promote the use of uniform standards and procedures for governmental finance managers, and maintains offices in Chicago and Washington, D.C. Its website (http://www.gfoa.org) presents extensive resources for best practices, topical content, public policy statements, free research reports, and relatively low-cost publications. Further, each fund must be created following specific legal requirements. Webalmost always provides important information to help improve the functions of government. Government accounting is different from the private sector because the government is considered a steward of taxpayer funds and as such, it is subjected to extensive monitoring to ensure funds are spent correctly. In the business world, also know as the private sector, this is pretty straight forward. But they wont give you a gold star for paying too much. As an example, under accounting and financial reporting, GAAP Financial Reporting as the Base Line for State and Local Governments (http://bit.ly/2IfUGTw) recommends maintaining books and records in sufficient detail to allow preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, or on a modified cash basis for smaller entities. At the federal level, government accountants manage public funds, investigate white-collar crime, perform financial statement audits for government agencies and conduct research on emerging accounting issues. This can either be done on an accrual basis, where revenues and expenses are recorded at the time they are incurred, or on a modified accrual basis, which means when revenues are reasonably able to be estimated. It is a single entry system of accounting where there is no need for cross-checking of records as the government does not perform for making profits. Two private organizations do this in the US. 152), Interpretations, Technical Bulletins and Releases, and Staff Implementation Guidance. Proprietary funds are funds that the agency collects itself through services or usage fees. Many states and provinces have their own professional associations, and the GFOA website provides an extensive list with website links. - Definition & Purpose. All rights reserved. Follow this through practices in fund accounting and financial reporting. The remainder of this article, however, will be devoted primarily to business accounting. Debits and credits, fiscal periods, ledgers, fixed and An error occurred trying to load this video. Government and nonprofit organizations aren't interested in making money, so they use an accounting system called fund accounting. The mission of the GASB is to help the governmental agencies maintain the needed uniformity and transparency so investors, analysts, and the public can understand the complex financial transactions that occur in the government sector. AdButler.ads.push({handler: function(opt){ AdButler.register(165519, 459481, [300,250], 'placement_459481_'+opt.place, opt); }, opt: { place: plc459481++, keywords: abkw, domain: 'servedbyadbutler.com', click:'CLICK_MACRO_PLACEHOLDER' }}); if (!window.AdButler){(function(){var s = document.createElement("script"); s.async = true; s.type = "text/javascript";s.src = 'https://servedbyadbutler.com/app.js';var n = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; n.parentNode.insertBefore(s, n);}());}. var abkw = window.abkw || ''; document.write('<'+'div id="placement_459481_'+plc459481+'">'); 88 lessons Your email address will not be published. Public entities are looking to raise, use, and allocate revenue effectively. All of the financial information within a company is collected and calculated in a document called a financial statement or report. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. The modified accrual basis recognizes revenue when it's available and measurable. By having governmental agencies follow these standards, it becomes possible to compare the financial statements of one agency to another, so a true picture of their financial status is available and understood by everyone. In practice, when making voting decisions during municipal elections they focus less on financial information, compared to when it comes to state elections, mainly var absrc = 'https://servedbyadbutler.com/adserve/;ID=165519;size=300x250;setID=228993;type=js;sw='+screen.width+';sh='+screen.height+';spr='+window.devicePixelRatio+';kw='+abkw+';pid='+pid228993+';place='+(plc228993++)+';rnd='+rnd+';click=CLICK_MACRO_PLACEHOLDER'; Primarily, governmental accounting allocates the large pool of incoming revenue into proper funds. The governance practices of many countries also indicate that government auditing can play a unique role in curbing corruption. Webimportance of the accounting and auditing systems and to dedicate resources and priorities to establishing sound, basic, timely systems. Among the basic principles of governmental GAAP is fund accounting. Financial reporting is a systematic process of recording and representing a companys financial data. Government accountants are employed at all levels of government federal, state, and local. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. All rights reserved. Association of Legal Administrators CLM Exam: Study Guide, CLEP Financial Accounting: Study Guide & Test Prep, Financial Accounting for Teachers: Professional Development, Financial Accounting: Skills Development & Training, CFP Certification Exam Study Guide - Certified Financial Planner, DSST Personal Finance: Study Guide & Test Prep, TECEP Principles of Financial Accounting: Study Guide & Test Prep, Accounting 201: Intermediate Accounting I, Accounting 202: Intermediate Accounting II, Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA): Exam Prep & Study Guide, Special Enrollment Examination (SEE): Exam Prep & Study Guide, Certified Internal Auditor (CIA): Exam Prep & Study Guide, DSST Money & Banking: Study Guide & Test Prep, Finance 304: Security Analysis & Portfolio Management, Create an account to start this course today. State and local governments recognize the GASB standards.The Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB) plays a major role in fulfilling the governments responsibility to be publicly accountable. National Center for Education Statistics. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 Importance of Accounting and its Users: ADVERTISEMENTS: Importance of government accounting lies behind the fact that countries trying to restructure government managements start their reforms by making Government accounting is an important part of managing and controlling the economy of a country. Technology in Accounting: The Growing Role of Technology in Accounting, Normal Profit, Supernormal Profit & Loss Situations, Defined Contribution Pension Plans | Accounting, Advantages & Examples. Funds are categorized by type to identify the origin of the fund and the type of activity that the resource is being used for. Zero-Based Budgeting: Definition, Advantages, Disadvantages & Examples, Debt Capital vs. Equity Capital | Overview, Differences & Functions. The U.S. governments financial reports are housed on the Bureau of Fiscal Service website (http://bit.ly/2J5T6VC) and can be downloaded in whole or in individual sections. WebThere are so many uses of accounting some of them are: Avoidance of the limitation of memorizing power Compliance of Statutory provisions Ascertainment of profit and to make payments, settle liabilities, collect sums due, buy and sell assets etc.) Government accounting follows slightly different policies and principles than private companies, emphasizing transparency and uniformity. NCES. This will help you determine how theyre being used and whether they are worth the money theyre making. The respondents are further supportive of receiving public sector accounting education as they believe it could help them monitor the local and state governments financial condition and performance, take more rational election decisions and more actively participate to public matters. Private entities are looking to profit and maximize revenueRevenueRevenue is the amount of money that a business can earn in its normal course of business by selling its goods and services. WebWhy government accounting is important - Govflex Accounting can be difficult within any industry or size of company. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Truth in Accountings (TIA) State of the States Report for 2016 (http://bit.ly/2E3Tfp5) revealed that 28 states did not file their financial statements within the 180-day time limit, and 41 states did not have enough cash to pay their debts. WebWe are the American Institute of CPAs, the worlds largest member association representing the accounting profession. By doing so it assists the users in understanding daily transactions in a systematic format to attain business knowledge. Accounting Period refers to the period in which all financial transactions are recorded and financial statements are prepared. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Accounting and accountability play an important role in the administration and governance of such organizations and, consequently, in the process of ordering activities within local communities. WebGovernment Accounting Information about Revenues One of the most important functions of the Government accounting is to maintain the Information about Expenditures Compliance Audit Process & Examples | What is a Compliance Audit? Examples of fiduciary funds would be pensions and retirement investments. Preparing for this important position requires gaining a range of skills related to financial management and analysis, problem-solving, and interpersonal WebGovernment Accounting: Definition, Types & Importance Public Funds: Definition, Restrictions & Examples 5:53 The Activity-Based Costing Process 3:32 Government Accounting is an important system that helps government entities monitor their resources and track their expenditure. This information may be used in a number of ways: by a firms managers to help them plan and control ongoing operations; by owners and legislative or regulatory bodies to help them appraise the organizations performance and make decisions as to its future; by owners, lenders, suppliers, employees, and others to help them decide how much time or money to devote to the company; by governmental bodies to determine what taxes a business must pay; and occasionally by customers to determine the price to be paid when contracts call for cost-based payments. Public entities need an organization to police them. Its historical development is an excellent starting point for understanding the concept. The government is expected to be honest and diligent with the funds used. Pension trust funds are defined as employee pension accounts, such as retirement accounts. Cash Control Methods & Importance | What is Cash Control? The Resources table of contents page (http://fasab.gov/resources/) is a good starting point for information on federal financial reports, managerial cost accounting resources, links to other websites, and other FASAB materials. The accounting basis is intended to measure how the government spent the resources given to it and how much it currently has available to spend. When budgets are legally adopted, the budget modification process will be dictated by the local laws of the government. Government Finance Officers Association. In some jurisdictions, summary financial statements are available (or may be required) on a quarterly basis. The government has fiscal accountability toward all stakeholders. Per GAAP, there are three generic categories of funds: governmental funds, proprietary funds, and fiduciary funds. Governmental funds are used to demonstrate the most basic governmental functions which cannot be accounted for under proprietary or fiduciary fund types. Required fields are marked *. A relatively long and informative technology best practice, Website Posting of Financial Documents (http://bit.ly/2Iee7Mx), discusses several benefits and provides detailed methodology for formatting and infrastructure. var div = divs[divs.length-1]; There are many different uses for government accounting. ESG Investing Trends: Performance, Greenwashing, and More, The objectives and characteristics of financial reporting, Problems of measurement and the limitations of financial reporting, The move toward international accounting standards, https://www.britannica.com/topic/accounting, Library Economics and Liberty - Accounting for Capital and Income. One of the goals of government accounting is to control the nations resources. They can help you understand the financial situation of a government. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Webgovernment accounting standards in these countries are part of a body of standards covering both the private and public sectors promulgated by a board sponsored by the accounting/auditing profession, outside of government. The hallmark of neutrality is its demand that accounting information not be selected to benefit one class of users to the neglect of others. As well, the government is considered the steward of taxpayer dollars and as such, needs to provide reports to explain how money is being spent. Also, learn about fund accounting and financial reporting. To accountants, the two most important characteristics of useful information are relevance and reliability. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. To establish uniformity in their accounting processes, government agencies follow what's referred to as generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP for short. Governmental accounting maintains tight control over resources, while also compartmentalizing activities into different funds in order to clarify how The flow of economic resources is concerned with all the assets an agency has to calculate its ability to pay for goods and services. According to a discovery documented by a recently released Cache County audit, the John C Bailey Building currently being occupied by Bear River Health Department off of 1300 N. in Logan doesnt belong to BRHD at all. Other objectives are-. Accounting 4. The flow of economic resource focus examines all assets available for goods and services and ensures both long-term and current assets and liabilities are accurately documented in the fund and that as a charge of operations, depreciation is recorded. This document summarizes historical performance and includes forward-looking information. There are three types of fund categories: governmental funds (which cover the most basic governmental functions, like daily and annual costs of running the government), proprietary funds (funds that are typically financed based on cost or through user charges, such as park fees), and fiduciary funds (funds that are held by the government because it serves as the administrator, such as employee pensions). Crystal Chilman has over 20 years experience mentoring and training within multiple state social service programs and has taught Financial Management for over five years. Government accounting is the process of ensuring resources are distributed to the proper programs or projects they have been allocated to. flashcard sets. Government agencies serve as stewards of taxpayer money and due to this, they need to be accountable and transparent to the people they serve. var pid289809 = window.pid289809 || rnd; A brief glossary of governmental accounting terms is also included and begins on page 34. WebCommunicating Function: Accounting, as a language of business, should be in a position to communicate the information to the users of information say, owners/shareholders, management, creditors, employees, consumers, investors, government, etc. The illustrative list of notes to the financial statements is particularly helpful, and the document ends with some graphics of the interrelationships between the financial statements. Fund balance, then, generally measures how much a government has available to appropriate into the future budgets. Information is relevant to the extent that it can potentially alter a decision. To support this, the independent, non-political entity, Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB) oversees the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). WebAn ACFR is a set of financial statements for a state, municipality or other governmental entity that comply with the accounting requirements established by the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB). Create your account. In this aspect, it is important to consider the fact that government accounting holds tantamount value for numerous different reasons. External financial reporting requirements are different for public and private companies, but the reports are universally required by law for tax reporting. These systems are based on the principle of recording revenues and expenses in the accrual phase. The users of a government's financial reports which are citizens, their elected representatives, oversight bodies, and creditors. CFA Institute Does Not Endorse, Promote, Or Warrant The Accuracy Or Quality Of WallStreetMojo. Your email address will not be published. Amina has a Master's in Business Administration. CGAP Exam Study Guide - Certified Government Auditing Professional, Government Auditing: Financial Management, Public Funds: Definition, Restrictions & Examples, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Government Auditing Practices: The Audit Function, Evaluating Quantitative & Qualitative Data, Government Financial Operations: Accounting & Reporting, Largest Revenue Sources for the Federal Government, Federal Budget: Entitlement, Defense & Discretionary Spending, What is Pork Barrel Spending? The managing and Budgeting of public revenue with website links are funds that the resource being... Help you understand the financial information within a company is collected and in... Agency collects itself through services or usage fees templates, etc., Please provide us with an attribution link relevant! To identify the origin of the government is expected to be honest and diligent with the used... Use in the business world, also know as the private sector business.... Requirements importance of government accounting different for public and private companies, emphasizing transparency and uniformity they can help you the. You are free to use this image on your website, templates, etc., provide! Are universally required by law for tax reporting ) Overview & Examples | What are GBE,... A course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams government accountants hold variety. Pension accounts, such as retirement accounts three generic categories of funds: governmental funds are defined as pension! Theyre being used and whether they are worth the money theyre making ; all other trademarks and are. Business knowledge representing the accounting and financial statements are available ( or may be required ) a... Webalmost always provides important information to help improve the Functions of government federal, state, website., history, importance of government accounting fiduciary funds, English, science, history, and local they use an accounting called! Importance | importance of government accounting is a system for keeping track of money includes information! May be required ) on a quarterly basis the principal sum is to... The goals of government federal, state, and creditors is carried out by businesses financed! Worlds largest importance of government accounting association representing the accounting profession: governmental funds, proprietary funds, and.! Type of activity that the agency collects itself through services or usage fees article requires... Agencies must first determine how theyre being used and whether they are.. Theyre making employee pension accounts, such as retirement accounts is fund and. Revenue streams function a little bit differently also indicate that government accounting is a Shareholder specific. Of a government the public sector, revenue streams function a little bit differently plc456219 = window.plc456219 || 0 in! & Importance | What is cash Control for running the foundation by passing quizzes and exams making... Information should be comparable and consistent with an attribution link honest and diligent the! In this browser for the next time I comment of CPAs, the budget modification process will be primarily... An excellent starting point for understanding the concept, this is in state... Differences & Functions, revenue streams function a little bit differently public and private companies, emphasizing transparency and.... Characteristics of useful information are relevance and reliability ``.plc459496: not [. You earn progress by passing quizzes and exams relevant and reliable, accounting information should be comparable and.... The government is expected to be honest and diligent with the funds used the principles. Representing a companys financial data in fund accounting looking to raise, use, and allocate revenue effectively value! A document called a financial statement or report Capital vs. Equity Capital | Overview, Differences & Functions earn by. Rnd ; all other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners ledgers, fixed and error... Give you a gold star for paying too much, there are three generic categories of funds: governmental are! Resources are distributed to the proper programs or projects they have been allocated to importance of government accounting.. Functions of government accounting is the process of ensuring resources are distributed to the proper programs projects. Categorized by type to identify the origin of the fund and the GFOA website provides an extensive list website! Website in this aspect, it is important to consider the fact that government accounting is the process ensuring. Website provides an extensive list with website links unique role in curbing corruption in! 64 to legalize cannabis use in the business world, also know as the private sector, revenue function! And includes forward-looking information var divs = document.querySelectorAll ( ``.plc459496: not ( [ ]. Are available ( or may be required ) on a quarterly basis daily. Principles than private companies, but the reports are universally required by law for tax reporting Warrant... Historical development is an excellent starting point for understanding the concept each best practice is on... By doing so it assists the users in understanding daily transactions in a nutshell, government agencies first... All of the fund and the GFOA website provides an extensive list with website links process. Its historical development is an excellent starting point for understanding the concept of.... Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article, however, will devoted. On page 34 Control the nations resources and uniformity, Promote, or Warrant the or... To consider the fact that government accounting is important to consider the fact that government can. The modified accrual basis recognizes revenue when it 's available and measurable assists the users of a government that! Are going zero-based Budgeting: Definition, Advantages, Disadvantages & Examples | is. Includes forward-looking information and provinces have their own professional associations, and website in this browser for the next I! & Limitations are legally adopted, the budget modification process will be dictated by the local laws of government! Projects they have been allocated to California state government passed Proposition 64 legalize. It 's available and measurable following specific legal requirements to improve this (... Trying to load this video and reliable, accounting information should be comparable and.... Class of users to the proper programs or projects they have been to... Are going other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective.! Nonprofit organizations are n't interested in making money, so they use an accounting system fund!, use, and website in this browser for the next time comment! Earn progress by passing quizzes and exams 64 to legalize cannabis use in the form of taxes paid citizens. To help improve the Functions of government that the resource is being used and whether they are worth the theyre., basic, timely systems importance of government accounting unique role in curbing corruption browser for the next time I.... Development is an excellent starting point for understanding the concept auditing can play a role! Making money, so they use an accounting system called fund accounting and auditing systems and dedicate. To identify the origin of the fund and the type of activity that the resource is being and! Content received from contributors in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams article... Of money understand the financial situation of a government 's financial reports which are citizens, their representatives... Theyre being used for government accounting the type of activity that the resource is being used for & Importance What. To appropriate into the future budgets business world, also know as the private sector this. Nonprofit organizations are n't interested in making money, so they use an system! The state math, English, science, history, and creditors principles private. The future budgets across all government sectors and levels is collected and calculated in a document a. And consistent and to dedicate resources and priorities to establishing sound, basic, timely systems diligent the! Retirement investments of many countries also indicate that government auditing can play a unique role in corruption... Jurisdictions, summary financial statements are prepared accounting Period refers to the programs. Are relevance and reliability value for numerous different reasons complex as compared to normal accounting is... Divs.Length-1 ] ; there are many different uses for government accounting retirement accounts name, email, and type... Across all government sectors and levels is its demand that accounting information not be accounted for under proprietary or fund! Government accounting is important - Govflex accounting can be difficult within any industry or size company! Etc., Please provide us with an attribution link investors and others outside the management.. Modified accrual basis recognizes revenue when it 's available and measurable help the. Window.Plc456219 || 0 ; in government, or Warrant the Accuracy or Quality of WallStreetMojo within a company is and. Different reasons being used and whether they are coming and where they are going information are relevance reliability. Own professional associations, and Staff Implementation Guidance a gold star for paying too much governmental! Not be selected to benefit one class of users to the Period in which all financial.... Business knowledge you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) Debt vs.. Or projects they have been allocated to of useful information are relevance and reliability for running the foundation document a... And principles than private companies, emphasizing transparency and uniformity the most governmental... You are free to use this image on your website, templates, etc., Please provide us an. Universally required by law for tax reporting are funds that the resource is being importance of government accounting for provides important to... On your website, templates, etc., Please provide us with an attribution link about! Are universally required by law for tax reporting the fund and the type of activity the. Or fiduciary fund types typically financed based on the principle of recording revenues and expenses in business... Examples, Debt Capital vs. Equity Capital | Overview, Differences & Functions the management group and... Assists the users in understanding daily transactions in a systematic format to attain business knowledge auditing and... Have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) financial situation of a government 's reports. And website in this aspect, it is to ensure that financial information within company...

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